Insight Into Ear, Nose, And Throat Specialists
Otolaryngology (pronounced oh/toe/lair/in/goll/oh/jee) is the oldest medical specialty in the United States. Otolaryngologists are physicians trained in the medical and surgical management and treatment of patients with diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat (ENT), and related structures of the head and neck. They are commonly referred to as ENT physicians.
Their special skills include diagnosing and managing diseases of the sinuses, larynx (voice box), oral cavity, and upper pharynx (mouth and throat), as well as structures of the neck and face. Otolaryngologists diagnose, treat, and manage specialty-specific disorders as well as many primary care problems in both children and adults.
What Do Otolaryngologists Treat?
The Ears-Hearing loss affects one in ten North Americans. The unique domain of otolaryngologists is the treatment of ear disorders. They are trained in both the medical and surgical treatment of hearing, ear infections, balance disorders, ear noise (tinnitus), nerve pain, and facial and cranial nerve disorders. Otolaryngologists also manage congenital (birth) disorders of the outer and inner ear.
The Nose-About 35 million people develop chronic sinusitis each year, making it one of the most common health complaints in America. Care of the nasal cavity and sinuses is one of the primary skills of otolaryngologists. Management of the nasal area includes allergies and sense of smell. Breathing through, and the appearance of, the nose are also part of otolaryngologists’ expertise.
The Throat-Communicating (speech and singing) and eating a meal all involve this vital area. Also specific to otolaryngologists is expertise in managing diseases of the larynx (voice box) and the upper aero-digestive tract or esophagus, including voice and swallowing disorders.
The Head and Neck-This center of the body includes the important nerves that control sight, smell, hearing, and the face. In the head and neck area, otolaryngologists are trained to treat infectious diseases, both benign and malignant (cancerous) tumors, facial trauma, and deformities of the face. They perform both cosmetic plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Training And Patient Care
Otolaryngologists are ready to start practicing after completing up to 15 years of college and post-graduate training. To qualify for certification by the American Board of Otolaryngology, an applicant must first complete college, medical school (usually four years), and at least five years of specialty training. Next, the physician must pass the American Board of Otolaryngology examination. In addition, some otolaryngologists pursue a one- or two- year fellowship for more extensive training in one of seven subspecialty areas.
These subspeciality areas are pediatric otolaryngology (children), otology/neurotology (ears, balance, and tinnitus), allergy, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, head and neck, laryngology (throat), and rhinology (nose). Some otolaryngologists limit their practices to one of these seven areas.
What makes otolaryngologists the most appropriate physicians to treat disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck?
These specialists differ from many physicians in that they are trained in both medicine and surgery. Otolaryngologists do not need to refer patients to other physicians when ear, nose, throat, or head/neck surgery is needed and, therefore, can offer the most appropriate care for each individual patient.
Diagnosis And Treatment In Seven Areas Of Expertise
Otology/Neurotology: diseases of the ear, including trauma (injury), cancer, and nerve pathway disorders, which affect hearing and balance.
- Examples: ear infection; swimmer’s ear; hearing loss; ear, face, or neck pain; dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus).
Pediatric Otolaryngology: diseases in children with special ENT problems including birth defects in the head and neck and developmental delays.
- Examples: ear infection (otitis media), tonsil and adenoid infection, airway problems, Down’s syndrome, asthma and allergy/sinus disease.
Head and Neck: cancerous and noncancerous tumors in the head and neck, including the thyroid and parathyroid.
- Examples: lump in the neck or thyroid, cancer of the voice box.
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: cosmetic, functional, and reconstructive surgical treatment of abnormalities of the face and neck.
- Examples: deviated septum, rhinoplasty (nose), face lift, cleft palate, drooping eyelids, hair loss.
Rhinology: disorders of the nose and sinuses.
- Examples: sinus disorder, nose bleed, stuffy nose, loss of smell.
Laryngology: disorders of the throat, including voice and swallowing problems.
- Examples: sore throat, hoarseness, swallowing disorder, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Allergy: treatment by medication, immunotherapy (allergy shots) and/or avoidance of pollen, dust, mold, food, and other sensitivities that affect the ear, nose, and throat.
- Examples: hay fever, seasonal and perennial rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, laryngitis, sore throat, otitis media, dizziness.
Ear
Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
Buying a Hearing Aid
Child's Hearing Loss
Cholesteatoma
Cochlear Implants
Dizziness and Motion Sickness
Doctor, Please Explain Ear Tubes
Doctor? ¿Por Qué a Mi Hijo Le Duele El Oído?
Doctor? ¿Qué Causa El Ruido En El Oído?
Ear Infections and Earache
Ear Plastic Surgery
Ears and Altitude
Earwax
Fact Sheet: Better Ear Health
Fact Sheet: Hyperacusis -- An increased sensitivity to everyday sounds
Fact Sheet: Know the Power of Sound
Fact Sheet: What you should know about otosclerosis
Fact Sheet: Your Genes and Hearing Loss
How the Ear Works
Infant Hearing Loss
Loudness-Scale
Meniere's Disease
Noise & Hearing Protection
Perforated Eardrum
Swimmer's Ear
Tinnitus
Why Do We Fall?
Throat/Mouth
Coblation Tonsillectomy Download MP3 [26 MB]
Bell's Palsy
Doctor? ¿Para Qué Sirven Las Amígdalas Y Los Adenoides?
Fact Sheet: About Your Voice
Fact Sheet: Effects of Medications on Voice
Fact Sheet: Laryngeal (Voice Box) Cancer
Fact Sheet: Nodules, Polyps, and Cysts
Fact Sheet: Tips for Healthy Voices
Fact Sheet: Tonsillectomy Procedures
Fact Sheet: Vocal Cord Paralysis
Fact Sheet: Voice Disorders
Fever Blisters and Canker Sores
Gastroesphageal Reflux (GERD) & Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
Hoarseness
Salivary Glands
Smell & Taste Disorders
Sore Throats
Swallowing Trouble
Temporo-Mandibular Joint
Tonsils and Adenoids
Head and Neck Surgery
Children and Secondhand Smoke
Ear Plastic Surgery
Facial Sports Injuries
Fine Needle Aspiration
Head and Neck Cancer
Nose Surgery FAQs
Spit Tobacco
Thyroid Gland
Cancer
Fact Sheet: Laryngeal (Voice Box) Cancer
Head and Neck Cancer
Spit Tobacco
Pediatric
Child's Hearing Loss
Children and Secondhand Smoke
Fact Sheet: Child Screening for Hearing Loss
Fact Sheet: Tonsillectomy Procedures
Infant Hearing Loss
Pediatric Sinusitis
Tonsils and Adenoids
About Otolaryngology
What Is An Otolaryngologist?
Nose
Airflow Pathway 1
Airflow Pathway 2
Allergies and Hay Fever
Antihistamines, Decongestants, and "Cold Remedies"
Cillary Flow of Mucous Membrane
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Diet and Exercise Tips to Avoid Sleep Apnea and Snoring
Drainage Path Close-Up
Drainage Paths of the Sinuses
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery 1
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery 2
Fact Sheet: 20 Questions about Your Sinuses
Fact Sheet: Allergic Rhinitis, Sinusitis, and Rhinosinusitis
Fact Sheet: Antibiotics and Sinusitis
Fact Sheet: Build Your Own Sinus Mask
Fact Sheet: Deviated Septum
Fact Sheet: Injection Snoreplasty
Fact Sheet: Sinus Surgery
Fact Sheet: Sinusitis: Special Considerations for Aging Patients
Front View of the Sinuses
Frontal Sinus Drainage Path 1
Frontal Sinus Drainage Path 2
Fungal Sinusitis
Inferior Turbinate Reduction
Laser Assisted Uvula Palatoplasty (LAUP)
Maxillary Sinus View 1
Maxillary Sinus View 2
Maxillary Sinus View 3
Middle Turbinate 1
Middle Turbinate 2 - Concha Bullosa
Middle Turbinate 3
Middle Turbinate 4
Nasal Polyps
Nasal Polyps 2
Nasal Septal Deviation 1
Nasal Septal Deviation 2
Naso-Antral Windows 1
Naso-Antral Windows 2
Normal Sinuses
Nose Surgery FAQs
Nosebleeds
Oblique View of the Sinuses
Pediatric Sinusitis
Post-Nasal Drip
Side View of the Sinuses
Sinus Headaches
Sinus Pain - Can Over-the-Counter Medications Help?
Sphenoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus, Carotid, Optic Nerve
Stuffy Nose
The "Ostio-Meatal" Complex 1
The "Ostio-Meatal" Complex 2
The Inferior Turbinate
The Inferior Turbinate, Close-Up
The Nasal Septum
Uncinate Process 1
Uncinate Process 2
What Causes Nosebleeds
What is Sinusitis?
Your Nose: The Guardian Of Your Lungs
